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client/core/persistence/AsyncProjectWriter.h

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+#pragma once
+
+#include "domain/Project.h"
+
+#include <QHash>
+#include <QObject>
+#include <QSet>
+#include <QString>
+#include <QTimer>
+
+#include <atomic>
+#include <mutex>
+
+namespace core::persistence {
+
+/// 后台写盘队列：合并/防抖，避免 UI 线程同步写文件。
+/// 目前以“实体/动画为单位”合并；后续会细化到块级 dirty bits（meta/anim/intro/png...）。
+class AsyncProjectWriter final : public QObject {
+    Q_OBJECT
+public:
+    explicit AsyncProjectWriter(QObject* parent = nullptr);
+
+    void setProjectDir(const QString& projectDirAbs);
+
+    /// enqueue：线程安全由调用方保证在 UI 线程调用（本类内部用 singleShot 防抖到 writer 线程）。
+    void requestWriteEntity(const Project::Entity& entity);
+    void requestWriteAnimation(const Project::Animation& animation);
+
+    /// 阻塞等待：用于 close/退出时确保落盘完成。
+    void flushBlocking(int timeoutMs = 30000);
+
+signals:
+    void entityWriteFailed(const QString& entityId);
+    void animationWriteFailed(const QString& animationId);
+
+private:
+    void scheduleDrain();
+
+    QString m_projectDir;
+    QTimer* m_debounce = nullptr;
+
+    std::mutex m_mutex;
+    // 最新快照：同 id 多次更新只写最后一次
+    QHash<QString, Project::Entity> m_pendingEntities;
+    QHash<QString, Project::Animation> m_pendingAnimations;
+
+    std::atomic<int> m_outstandingDrains{0};
+};
+
+}  // namespace core::persistence
+